Over the counter (OTC) medications are the “duct tape” of medicine and the healthcare industry. They offer a quick and inexpensive solution to minor health issues, much like duct tape can save a call-out by a handyman for minor repairs. But, just as duct tape provides a temporary fix, OTC drugs may relieve symptoms only and don’t necessarily address a real underlying medical problem.

OTC drugs have been a medical game changer, making things a lot more convenient for the consumer and saving billions, if not trillions, of dollars for consumers and healthcare systems alike. On the flip side, however, they are not without risk. Incorrect or irresponsible use of over the counter drugs can have adverse health consequences, especially for older people.

Understanding OTC Medications

So, what exactly is an OTC drug, and why do we have them? Essentially, they are drugs considered by the medicines regulator in a particular country to present little or no risk to the consumer. Their labels clearly indicate what they do and how to use them, and the conditions they are intended for are usually easy to self-diagnose.

OTC medications are available to treat a wide range of conditions or symptoms. Many households have some in a cabinet somewhere in the house. Although they present minimal risk when used responsibly, there is an element of risk, however small. Let’s explore some of the most common categories and the possible side effects.

Pain Relievers. They reduce pain and fever by inhibiting the body’s production of pain-causing chemicals. Common examples include acetaminophen (Tylenol or Paracetamol), aspirin, ibuprofen and naproxen. Overuse can irritate the stomach lining and increase the risk of bleeding, especially when combined with blood thinners. In severe cases, they may cause liver damage.

Allergy Medications. Antihistamines such as diphenhydramine or loratadine block the release of histamine produced by the body during an allergic reaction. This alleviates symptoms like a runny nose, itchy eyes or sneezing. Some antihistamines may cause drowsiness, so avoiding them while driving or operating machinery is best.

Sleep Aids. Certain antihistamines like diphenhydramine or doxylamine induce drowsiness and help promote sleep. They can, however, also cause dizziness and daytime fatigue, so users should consider alternative or complementary strategies such as relaxation techniques or establishing a regular sleep schedule.

Laxatives. There are various types of laxatives, each working differently:

• ·        Bulk-forming laxatives (psyllium or methylcellulose) increase stool bulk and promote bowel movements by absorbing water. They are generally safe for long-term use but require adequate fluid intake to work effectively.
• ·        Stimulant laxatives (bisacodyl) stimulate the muscles in the intestines to contract and move stool. They are effective for short-term constipation relief but should not be used regularly as they can lead to dependence.
• ·        Osmotic laxatives (magnesium hydroxide) draw water into the intestines, softening stool and promoting bowel movements. If used excessively, they can cause electrolyte imbalances.

Antacids. These medications neutralize stomach acid, providing relief from heartburn and indigestion. However, they can interfere with the absorption of other medicines, so it's advisable to use them at least two hours apart.

Cough and Cold Medications. There are various combination medications for specific cold and flu symptoms:

• ·        Expectorants loosen mucus in the chest, making it easier to cough up.
• ·        Decongestants shrink swollen blood vessels in the nose, relieving congestion.
• ·        Cough suppressants suppress the cough reflex, providing relief from a persistent cough. These products should not be used for productive coughs that bring up mucus.

Topical Medications. Creams, ointments, and lotions are used for localized relief from skin conditions like arthritis and shingles, inflammation and itching associated with eczema or to sterilize minor wounds and speed up healing.

Risks and Considerations for Older Users

Many older adults use chronic medications, sometimes several simultaneously, to treat various age-related illnesses. OTC medications can interact with these prescription medications or with each other, potentially causing adverse side effects. A study published in the National Library of Medicine concluded that one in ten hospital admissions among older people was a result of an Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR).

Another factor is that, as we age, our bodies become less efficient at metabolizing medications. This means medications may stay in the body longer, increasing the risk of side effects. Changes in kidney and liver function can also affect how we process medications.

For example, older people may experience a higher incidence of stomach ulcers due to decreased stomach lining protection, and acetaminophen becomes harder for older adults to process, raising the risk of liver damage from excessive use.

Pre-existing medical conditions can influence the safety and effectiveness of OTC medications. Patients with chronic health conditions like diabetes, heart disease or kidney disease should consult a medical professional before using over the counter medications.

The concurrent use of multiple medications can also create confusion, increasing the risk of errors in medication schedules or dosages. It’s important to adopt safe use strategies to mitigate the risks associated with polypharmacy. Read this article for an in-depth look at medication management.

Communication with Healthcare Providers

Effective communication with your doctor and pharmacist is essential to ensure that you can use over the counter medications safely. Here are a few things you can do to ensure your consultations are clear and effective.

Prepare for appointments. Write down a list of questions and concerns about the condition you want to treat and the OTC medications you're considering.

Be open and honest. Don't hesitate to express your concerns about OTC medications. Your doctor or pharmacist is professionally trained to address your questions and provide personalized guidance based on your unique health situation.

Bring a list of all current medications (prescription and OTC) to your doctor’s appointment.  The doctor will review them for potential interactions, advise changes if necessary, and ensure that everything works effectively together.

Other Considerations

Effective health management involves much more than just using medication correctly. Consider these other strategies that can enhance your overall health and reduce your reliance on over the counter medications.

Focus on preventative health. Regular doctor’s visits for checkups and screenings facilitate early detection and management of potentially adverse health conditions. Being proactive helps prevent or reduce complications that might otherwise require medication.

Maintain a healthy lifestyle. Regular exercise, a balanced diet, and adequate sleep are crucial for overall well-being. In general, a healthy lifestyle may boost the immune system, improve sleep quality and help to prevent conditions that cause discomfort or pain.

Explore alternative therapies. Non-medicinal therapies can be helpful for certain complaints. For example, heat therapy can alleviate pain associated with arthritis, and relaxation techniques like yoga or meditation can promote better sleep, reducing dependence on sleep aids.

Once you have decided to use an OTC medicine, make sure you can trust the quality. At LL Medico, our products are sourced only from the most reputable companies that comply with all applicable FDA quality, effectiveness and safety standards. Whatever you need, be it over-the-counter drugs, nutritional supplements or adult diapers, LL Medico stocks the best products at the most competitive prices. Order yours today by calling (855) 422-4556 or emailing support@llmedico.com.          

Conclusion

Although measurable financially, the practical benefit of over the counter medicines to society is almost impossible to comprehend. They allow people to treat simple and often annoying conditions and symptoms without the hassle and cost of a doctor's visit. Responsible use, however, is paramount in reaping the benefits without the risks inherent in any form of medication.  

While OTC medications help manage symptoms, focusing on preventative measures and healthy habits can go a long way toward promoting overall health and wellness and potentially reducing reliance on medication. As the French philosopher Voltaire aptly stated, "The art of medicine consists of amusing the patient while nature cures the disease."